Railway bearings are applied to railways. The axle system of railway locomotives and axles adopts different structural designs due to different application conditions. Locomotives and passenger cars have axle boxes, and the bearings are connected to the bogie through the axle boxes. Railway freight cars have no axle boxes. Bogie side frame connection. The bearing bears the impact load generated between the wheel set and the bogie frame, and also bears the axial load generated when the vehicle turns. The wheel axle bearing structure includes cylindrical roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearing units, Tapered roller bearings, tapered roller bearing units. According to the application requirements of railway bearings, axle bearings should have a long maintenance-free period, a structural design for easy maintenance and high reliability.